Inverted Nipple Correction

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Procedure	Inverted nipples can cause cosmetic concerns and discomfort. Breast feeding or devices such as the Niplette® can sometimes be successful. Surgical correction involves a small cut below the nipple through which the tight fibres are released which pull the nipple in. Stitches are used to keep the nipple protruded until the scar tissue takes over.
	The wounds are repaired with sutures which dissolve within four months. A protective dressing is recommended for 1–2 weeks afterwards.
Scars	3mm
Operation time	1 hour
Anaesthesia	Local
Hospital Stay	Day Surgery
Benefits	Cosmetic, Psychological, Functional, Symptomatic
Risks	Bleeding, Infection, Scar problems (stretched, thick, abnormal pigmentation, red, retracted etc.), Wound separation, Slough, Nipple necrosis, Pain, Numbness, Bruising, Swelling, Overcorrection, Undercorrection, Asymmetry, Recurrent retraction, Inability to breastfeed, Cosmetic imperfections, Need for further surgery, Allergic reaction
	N.B. Most complications are unlikely and serious risks are rare
Risk factors	Smoking / high blood pressure, bleeding tendency, diabetes
Optimising factors	Diet rich in Vitamin C and protein, plenty of fluids, fresh air, scar massage, sun protection, protective dressings
Discomfort	1 – 2 weeks
Bruising	1 – 2 weeks
Recovery	Light activities 2 weeks, Physical work & sports & sex 6 weeks
Acceptable appearance	2 – 4 weeks for most patients (This is subjective)
Final result	6 – 18 months
Alternatives	No Surgery, Nipple forming devices, Breast feeding